The Gap Nobody Owns

Why Integration is Where Intent Goes to Die

In 2018 and 2019, two Boeing 737 MAX aircraft crashed, killing 346 people. The investigations revealed a software system called MCAS that pilots didn’t know existed, relying on a single sensor, with authority that had been quietly expanded late in development. Boeing had some of the most rigorous systems engineering... [Read More]

System Dependency And Relationships

First Principles Foundation Every mechatronic system is an energy–information–structure loop under constraints. Energy enables motion. Structure shapes and constrains motion. Information regulates motion through feedback. System intelligence lies in managing these dependencies predictably and stably. Every mechatronic system, no matter how advanced, depends on three natural laws and three human-designed layers. **Three Core Dependencies Energy Dependency... [Read More]

Bounded rationality in system

Understanding Bounded Rationality in Systems Thinking Bounded rationality, introduced by Herbert Simon, describes decision-making constraints due to incomplete information, cognitive limits, and time pressure. Instead of optimizing, individuals settle for decisions that are “good enough.” [Read More]